The Hip Hop Wars Hip Hop Demeans Women - 1180 Words

THE HIP HOP WARS: Hip Hop Demeans Women â€Å"â€Å"I said ‘Bitch, why you such a stupid hoe?’ You lil’ bitch, you never could fuck with this. And every bitch that don’t like it, she can suck my dick.† These lyrics were taken from the song â€Å"Call her a bitch† by the rapper Too Short. With song lyrics like this one, it is very difficult for people both biased and unbiased to hip hop to even try to defend it. Although it is not the only music genre to have lines objectifying women, it is once again, as with other less than glorious topics, associated with the hip hop/rap genre the most. Throughout this chapter Rose makes very valid points with supported reasoning. As long as the public continues to support the objectivity of women, why would hip hop†¦show more content†¦So in this way, respecting women has nothing to do with advocating equality but rather just sets rules and standards for them. One of the biggest ways hip hop is de meaning towards women is the objectivity of women. Women in the hip hop industry and basically seen as disposable sex toys. Rose says that hip hop divides women into groups, one that is worth respect and protection and the other that just isn’t. â€Å"In this hip hop does not break from the fundamental logic of mainstream masculinity so much as convey it with excess, bravado, and extra insult† (Rose 119). Many ask the question why many other topics have standards such as â€Å"rap[ping] against police†¦[or] against gay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rose 120) but it’s all fair game against women. However it is not only the men in the hip hop game that are objectifying women. Rappers like Lil’ Kim, Trina, and Foxy Brown use the same â€Å"sex sells† method to grow on the hip hop ladder, but they feel like they have to. That’s the only way to be noticed and get attention (Rose 123). â€Å"Kim herself admitted that she uses her identity as Lil’ K im to get money, ‘a character I use to sell my records’† (Rose 124). If even girls in hip hop feel the need to have to go by this method, what are the chances that younger females will do any differently? Rose does an excellent job stressing how important it is that people, women in particular, have to stand up for themselves and against the derogatory music. An interesting point sheShow MoreRelatedHip Hop : The Rise Of The Post Hip Rap Generation1168 Words   |  5 Pagesis the author of It’s Bigger than Hip-Hop: The Rise of the Post Hip-Hop Generation. In this article, Asante predicts that the post-hip-hop generation will embrace social justice issues including women’s rights, gay’s rights, and the anti-war movement. To challenge these stereotypes, Asante speaks to the personification of the African-American ghetto and the need to stop glorifying black suffering. For Asante, the post-hip-hop generation no longer expects hip-hop to mobilize disenfranchised youthRead MoreIs All Rap Music Promoting And Glorifying Crime And Degrading1351 Words   |  6 Pages Is all rap music promoting and glorifying crime and degrading women? This is a question that is asked often and the general consensus is that, yes, it does. Is there any evidence however to back up these claims and are the rappers intending their music to be seen in a negative aggressive way. I don’t necessarily think that rap music does anything but give the musician an outlet for their talent and use topics like women and crime in their songs for commercialization and to create an image that rappersRead MoreThe Degradation of Women in Hip-Hop Music Videos and Lyrics Affect Teenagers. Discuss1226 Words   |  5 PagesHip-hop began in the 1970s in the south Bronx of New York and served a cathartic purpose for the black community. People could explore issues such as the eradication of racism and equality, but since Hip-hop was created, the cathartic use has been abused through the increased use of misogynistic lyrics and music videos. Artists like Ludacris, 50 Cent and Eminem portray women nothing more than â€Å"ho’s†, â€Å"bitches† and â€Å"freaks†. Nothing more than sex objects; and yet, their biggest fan base is adolescentsRead MoreAunt Jemimas Advertising Campaign from the Late 19th to the Late 20th Century1597 Words   |  7 PagesIn the late 1880s in Missouri two men named Chris L. Rutt and Charles G. Underwood created a revolutionary instant pancake flour mix. They created the trademark after visiting a theater and seeing women in blackface, aprons, and red bandanas doing a performance of a song entitled Old Aunt Jemima. This popular song of the time inspired them to use this very image as their company logo. Rutt and Underwood used many different ways to exploit this new image. They used posters, live appearancesRead MoreThe History of The Word Bitch2591 Words   |  11 Pagesthe term will include every day conversations, especially between women; as well as some popular culture texts that include misogynistic lyrics, specifically in the hip hop and rap genres. How has the term â€Å"bitch† evolved to the point of desensitization? What are the flexibilities of its meanings and the rules of usage? Why and how do women reclaim the word towards themselves and each other? The term is mainly used towards women when they show qualities of being honest, outspoken, assertivenessRead MoreDy-No-Mite! Stereotypical Images of African Americans on Television Sitcoms4305 Words   |  18 Pagesentertainment. Put the laugh track on mute and there will be few African American community leaders and established entertainers joining in on the fun. The history of using African Americans as entertainment and not as entertainers began in post-World War II and continues to the present. Everywhere on the small screen, unflattering images persist. While African American sitcoms of the 80s and 90s offered more choices for viewers, those choices were not of high quality. For the most part, primetime televisionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (20 11) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOverview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical DilemmaRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesANALYSIS 519 Cases Involving Building Effective Teams 519 The Tallahassee Democrat’s ELITE Team 519 The Cash Register Incident 521 SKILL PRACTICE 523 Exercises in Building Effective Teams 523 Team Diagnosis and Team Development Exercise 523 Winning the War on Talent 524 Team Performance Exercise 527 SKILL APPLICATION 529 Activities for Building Effective Teams 529 Suggested Assignments 529 Application Plan and Evaluation 530 xiv CONTENTS SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA Team Development Behaviors

Effects Of Caffeine On Brain Development - 2089 Words

Kasie Bowermaster Due: 11/24/14 Effects of Caffeine on Brain Development The daily consumption and reliance on caffeine in the United States is increasing exponentially. Although many studies have demonstrated the negative effects caffeine imposes on the human body and brain development, there has been no notable decrease in society’s caffeine intake. A vast majority of the publicity that caffeine receives is based on the positive indicators that it can reduce the risks of other health factors. Caffeine is a psychostimulant drug that affects not only the human body postnatally but also the fetal brain during development. Consumption of caffeine includes variety of beverages and foods that are ingested daily such as coffee flavored products, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, and soft drinks. Research is being furthered on the negative implications of the consumption of caffeine on fetal brain development. Outcomes after birth may result in characteristics of â€Å"low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and miscarriage† (Mioranzza et al., 2014). Research however has focused on the negative effects specifically in the central nervous system, examining the short term and long term effects on brain development. The effects include behavioral and chemical modifications and consequences induced by prenatal exposure of caffeine on the developing fetal brain. Much of the publicity caffeine receives is positive image that promotes its health benefits rather than risks. DespiteShow MoreRelatedEssay about Effects of Caffeine on Human Health1032 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine is one of the most well-known orally consumed drug around the world. In the 1820s, a German chemist named Friedrich Ferdinand Runge first discovered caffeine by extracting it from coffee [6]. Coffee and tea are leading sources of caffeine in the adult diet whereas caffeinated soft drinks are leading sources of caffeine in the diet of children in North America [7]. The per capita consumption level of caffeine for consumers of all ages is approximatel y 120mg/day [4]. The purpose of thisRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease ( Ad )1172 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorder that is characterized by degeneration of the hippocampal and cortical neurons of the brain – causing memory impairment and a decline in cognitive abilities. The current study by Ghoneim et al.1 focuses on the role of three proteins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is important for development and maintenance of normal neuronal circuits in the brain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous systemRead MoreThe Effects Of Caffeine On Oxidative Stress1460 Words   |  6 PagesIn the present study, the MDA level was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation in order to observe the effect of caffeine on the oxidative stress induced by AlCl3 in cortex, hippocampus and striatum brain areas. Brain tissues are more vulnerable to oxidative stress other than tissues for ma ny reasons such as high oxygen consumption (more than 20% of the total inspired oxygen), the presence of abundant amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to free radicals attack, low antioxidantRead MoreConsumption of Caffeine by Minors1621 Words   |  6 PagesConsumption of caffeine by minors has increased significantly in the past few years. In the modern community it is a common practice amongst teens to consume coffee as a part of an afterschool get together or as an energy booster in the morning. Many other teens consume highly caffeinated drinks that are known as energy drinks, even a can of coke has a very high amount of caffeine present in it. Consequently is caffeine an energy booster or a detriment to wellbeing. So should children be able toRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pages Caffeine is the most abused drug in the world. Many people wake up, and start there day with some sort of caffeine. Some it is for the energy boost, and to help them stay awake and focused. Others it is for the addictive crave. It is the most popular drug in the United States. Caffeine is in almost everything such as, sodas, over-counter medication, prescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your healthRead MoreThe Common Chemical Species Of Coffee, Caffeine, Trigonelline And Chlorogenic Acids945 Words   |  4 Pagescoffee bean, Caffeine, trigonelline and chlorogenic acids. I will be exploring the functions, the beneficial uses and any possible toxicological issues that they may have on the health of humans. Caffeine Naturally present in coffee, caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that has a similar molecular structure to adenosine. Due to the similarities in the molecular structure between caffeine and adenosine caffeine is able to bind to the adenosine receptor cells in the brain and inhibit adenosineRead MoreEnergy Drinks and the Effects on Adolescents and Academics1121 Words   |  5 Pagesdrinks all have similar ingredients with varying amounts of caffeine and â€Å"blend† combinations. Caffeine Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and potentially deadly in large amounts, especially for adolescents (Hershorin, Lipschulz, Schaechter Seifert, 2011). Caffeine is one the most common energy drink ingredients and one of the most widely consumed substances in the world. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), caffeine is a chemical stimulant compound found in various plants thatRead MoreBiological Factors Affecting Decision Making Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesfood goes directly to the brains. At those moments when the brain goes through major developments such as during childhood and adolescence this percentage may increase to 65%. ï‚ § Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances around the world. Caffeine is not bad for health, some researchers even show positive effects. Caffeine appears to reduce fatigue. And in this way also has an indirect effect on decision. Regarding cognitive function, caffeine has an effect on reaction time. Some studiesRead MoreChildren s Mothers Womb By The Placenta1657 Words   |  7 PagesFor years and years, many believed that babies were completely protected in their mothers’ womb by the placenta. It was not commonly known how vulnerable babies are at every stage of prenatal development, from conception through birth. There are an incredible amount of environmental, biological, and social factors, called teratogens that can affect a baby from the very moment of conception. From this moment, babies are not only developing, but also learning all the time. A fetus experiences the everydayRead MoreQualitative Analysis Of Comparative Market Data For Your B usiness1386 Words   |  6 PagesChocolate and the Brain, published by Taylor Francis Ltd, London, UK Coffee, tea, and chocolate are among the most frequently consumed products in the world. The pleasure that many experience from these food is accompanied by a range of favorable and adverse effects on the brain that have been the focus of a wealth of recent research. Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, and the Brain presents new information on the long-debated issue about the beneficial and/or potentially negative effects on the brain of the consumption

Cross-Cultural Management for World Business -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCross-Cultural Management for World Business. Answer: Introduction: With globalization, and advancement in technology, the environment of the organizational have changed. More organizations are being expanding their overseas business hence the diversity among the employees are being increased (Melling and Booth 2017). The world is becoming smaller day to day therefore, the entrepreneurs as well as managers of involved in the global businesses are becoming more sensitive to this increasing cultural diversity in their organizations. In this context, the cultural differences of the Chinese and the Australians can be discussed because these two cultures sharply contrast each other and many Australians have started working with the Chinese employees hence face problems. This essay discusses the cultural differences between the Australians and the Chinese and analyses the issues regarding the organizational factors. Description: key cultural concepts include the concept of diverse culture in the world especially emerged through various models and theories proposed and currently associated with the organizational functions. According to the theorists, culture is the acquired knowledge which people use for anticipating events as well as interpreting experiences to generate acceptable professional and social behaviors (Mackenzie, Golembiewski and Rahim 2018). The knowledge of culture increases values, creates knowledge, attitudes and influences the behaviors of people. Culture is built over many years and learnt through experiences. It is shared by a large population in the society. More importantly, culture is transferred from one generation to other. The study of culture combines a large variety of critical approaches which are politically drawn in different times and influence the attitude of the employees of any place and organization. For example, the liberal and neo-liberalism, Marxism, feminism, critical race theory, post structuralism and ethnography include popular cultural studies and these theories greatly affect the regulations and organizational culture of different organizations in different countries (Moore 2015). As mentioned before, due to globalization, the companies now a day have become more culturally diverse. Hence various types of cultural theories have become more relevant to understand the currently emerging cultural issues. In this context, the discussion on Hofstedes cultural dimension, Halls theory and Milton Bennetts cultural index can be discussed. Hofstedes cultural dimension: Hofstedes cultural dimension is the core components of the cultural studies. According to this theory, there are six factors which vary from culture to culture. First is the power distance index. This particular index indicates that the society accepts hierarchical and unequal distribution of power. For example, the Chinese culture scores high and demote that the people prefer to maintain power distance between the superior authorities of the organization and the common employees (Jiang, Gollan and Brooks 2015). On the contrary, the western countries including Australia believe in more equal distribution of power among the employees. therefore, if a young Australian worker is convinced by his idea and tries to correct an older Chinese worker, conflicts may arise. The culture of the society is reflected on the behavior of the employees of an organization. The strength of the ties among the people makes people to follow collectivism or individualism. The culture of Australia like all other western countries is very much individualistic. On the contrary, the society and culture of China is much more collectivist they have a strong-knit society and the people take care of their groups in exchange of loyalty. Therefore, Australians working in China may not follow the concept of teamwork hence the conflict may arise. In the masculinity index, the cultures are divided on the basis of competition, personal achievements and the quality of life. In highly masculine country, the people are driven by personal success, competition where success is defined by winner. In Australian society the distribution of roles of male and females overlap less so also in the Chinese culture therefore the possibilities of clash in this perspective is much less (Gelfand et al. 2017). Uncertainty avoidance index focuses on the way through which the people cope with their anxieties. The high scorers of this index like that of Australia, the people tend to control their lives and make them controllable as possible. On the other hand, the low scorers such as of the China are more relaxed and open in their prediction of future. Australia in this index scores 51 which makes it intermediate in its peoples risk taking capabilities (Stahl et al. 2017). The Australian managers aims at reduction of uncertainty avoidance but the chines manager will be treating it as risk hence the problem may occur. Term orientation denotes how every society has own specific method of dealing with challenges. The pragmatic society of China encourages thrift as well as efforts for preparing for future and the normative culture that Australia has, focuses on establishing absolute truth and achieve quick results. Therefore, difference can create problems. In the indulgence index, the Australians score high as these people possess positive attitude and have tendency towards optimism. One the contrary the people of restraint societies like China control their desires and impulses (Dalkir 2013). For example, a Chinese manager will not allow his Australian employee to enjoy his leisure avoiding his duty. Intercultural business interactions undergo various issues such as communication styles, relationships, patterns of work and values. in the current business environment, the businesses are constantly being focused on the cultural competence (Brewster et al. 2016). What is polite for one culture cannot be similar to other. Some culture prefers communicating directly whereas other prefers non-verbal signs to communicate. This is the reason what the mangers of the cross-cultural organizations need to be informed of being offensive with any employee. Trompenaars cultural dimensions: China is more particular than Australia which means employees focus on specific situation and treat particular situation to come up with solution. Chines culture is more collectivist and maintain seriality but the Australian managers follow parallel style to accomplish tasks which create problem when they work with Chinese employees. The Australian employees do not take professional issues personally hence get less frustrated than the Chinese workers. China has a diffused culture hence the Australian mangers can feel irritated when they come up with same business topics more than once. The Australians as viewed in the Hofstede model of individualism, value individual achievement whereas the Chinese managers put emphasis on the status and background of the employees before hiring. Halls model: According to Halls model, the most important issues that the managers face are associated with the communication of the employees. The culture of China allows covert and implicit messages with great use of metaphors for which the Australian managers need to read between the lines. This is because Australia has low context culture and China has high context culture. Chinese people prefer non-verbal communication hence remain reserved and reactionless than Australians (Coviello 2015). On the contrary, the in low context culture such as the Australians, the people use overt and explicit message which are simple as well as clear. Their reactions are visible, external and expressive (Bird and Mendenhall 2016). In the affective style, the communication of the Chinese people is more relationship-oriented where the listeners need to engage themselves to understand what the speakers is trying to convey. In the instrumental style like that of the Australians the speaker remains more goal orien ted hence do not want to take much time for the listeners to understand them. They use direct language with less non-verbal communications (Coviello 2015). For the high context culture like China, group formation is necessary but for Australians the members should be flexible in relationship hence fit for any type of modification. The Chinese managers may keep description of any product or process short which may be problematic for the Australians. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the culture is one of the most important factors in running the organizations successfully. The knowledge gap of the management about the expectations and attitudes of the employees can result in waning of business. This is because the culture of an employee decides how he will be responding to the motivation of the managers and cope up with other employees from different cultures. Diversity provides the business scope for viewing from different perspectives but this need to be tackled in a prudent way. References: Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M.E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.115-126. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P. and Vernon, G., 2016.International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Coviello, N., 2015. Re-thinking research on born globals.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), pp.17-26. Dalkir, K., 2013.Knowledge management in theory and practice. Routledge. Gelfand, M.J., Aycan, Z., Erez, M. and Leung, K., 2017. Cross-cultural industrial organizational psychology and organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), p.514. Jiang, Z., Gollan, P.J. and Brooks, G., 2015. Moderation of doing and mastery orientations in relationships among justice, commitment, and trust: A cross-cultural perspective.Cross Cultural Management,22(1), pp.42-67. Mackenzie, K.D., Golembiewski, R.T. and Rahim, M.A., 2018. Introduction. InCurrent Topics in Management(pp. 9-24). Routledge. Melling, J. and Booth, A., 2017. Workplace Cultures and Business Performance: British Labour Relations and Industrial Output in Comparative Perspective. InManaging the Modern Workplace(pp. 19-44). Routledge. Moore, F., 2015. Towards a complex view of culture: cross-cultural management,native categories, and their impact on concepts of management and organisation. InThe Routledge Companion to Cross-Cultural Management(pp. 69-77). Routledge. Stahl, G.K., Miska, C., Lee, H.J. and De Luque, M.S., 2017. The upside of cultural differences: Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in cross-cultural management research.Cross Cultural Strategic Management,24(1), pp.2-12.

Lost Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Lost reaching back for something that isn't there you suddenly feel you no longer care your once soft feelings are hard as stone and in your decisions you are now alone pages ripped out of your book of life the same as being stabbed with a butcher knife there's no direction, don't know who's the boss you feel alone, you feel so lost from an A to a C student you have turned the ripped out pages have now been burned you lost your smarts and you lost your mind you feel stuck out, a one and only kind everything sucks, but still you try to find yourself an alibi some good dirrection must soon be found or you'll be six feet underground without a hope, without a chance your life is gone in one quick glance you picked the wrong door and must pay the cost of being confused, and yet still lost you see a relative, you see a saint this beautiful sight makes you faint love is overwhelming, fear is out of sight you squeeze your loved ones, you hold them tight then everything suddenly begins to fade you find yourself in a very different place then a ghostly figure approaches you but his color is RED, not BLUE your temperature quickly begins to rise a lake of tears fill into your eyes you've heard of this place, you know it well you're stuck down in the pits of hell the figure tells you to sin, whenever and not to trust anyone, never he says to be mean, to talk in ugly words after all the word live is evil spelled backwards then, once again, things fade in a hurry everything then becomes all blurry a new, bright light shines into your eyes it's the kind of thing that makes you cry you wake to see the morning sun the visions and figures you saw are gone it seemed so real, but I'm glad it's not because now I'm thankful for what I've got no need to be scared, it was just a dream just take a breath, you must redeem though you can tell you're home by the morning frost you still have no direction, you are still lost Poetry and Poets

Congress And Term Limits Essays - James Madison,

Congress And Term Limits Whether or not Congress should have term limits has been a long debated question that is proposed as an amendment to the qualifications clause of the Constitution. There are excellent arguments on either side of the issue; unconstitutionality versus limiting power and diversity versus seniority are just a few. First are the arguments that term limits are democratic. The advocates of this point of view believe that creating term limits would not only add diversity to Congress, but also provide Congress members that are more accountable and not as isolated from their constituents. On the other hand, the arguments against term limits are equally notable. Those opposed to term limits believe that "[they] are antidemocratic, restricting people's electoral choices," and that they would not make the Congress members more accountable, but, instead, "shift the focus of members of Congress even more in the direction of local and immediate concerns." There are good and bad points to both sides of the argument. For instance, opposition of the term limits say it's unconstitutional, but we do have term limits on the presidency. Also, advocates want to Congress members from staying in a long time. However, most don't stay in over twelve years anyway and if the current members in seniority all leave who will be able to lead with enough wisdom and discernment? Either way you go someone's not going to be happy. If only we could be unhappy and right, though.

Tools and Approaches of Conflict Resolution

Tools and Approaches of Conflict Resolution Introduction Conflict resolution is phenomenal in all levels of corporate and individual management. Different tools and approaches have been proposed and practiced around the world in addressing different situations. This essay explores three of them, namely: constructive controversy, power and communication.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tools and Approaches of Conflict Resolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Constructive Controversy Intellectual conflicts can be constructive to motivate people in seeking external understanding to accommodate a wider range of views. Constructive controversy mainly encompasses unforced discussions which generate creative ways of problem solving. This can be contrasted to general debates, personal processes or concurrence seeking. Most people form primary conclusion and rationale when faced with a problem that requires a solution (Deutsch, Coleman Marcus, 2006). Nevertheless, this usually turns into uncertainty when challenged with different opinions which trigger the search for the truth and reasonable stances. It is always a cooperative endeavor that aims at accommodating varying perspectives from other people and yields solutions which promote positive feelings among participants. Importantly, constructive controversies occur in cooperative contexts where players are collaborators and are open to criticism and different perspectives. In this case, participants get motivated to find creative and quality solutions through reasoning which leads to change of attitude and self esteem (Dana, 2001). Furthermore, constructive controversy can be implemented in decision making by use of advocacy teams which develop cases for their group before reversing their initial position and then having a conclusive debate. It can also be used to enhance academic learning where students through groups, handle a problem from two opposing sides before consensus class discu ssions. This approach is important in promoting democracy. Power and Conflict From a general perspective, power plays a major role in a wide range of conflicts. As a result, there are misconceptions about power including a feeling of competitiveness and physical implication such that it flows in a single direction. Some theorists view power as coercive when exercised over others while others view it from a cooperative stance that is, â€Å"power with† others. Additionally, power is viewed within the context of being dependent and independent. Independent theorists believe in empowerment and the ability to exercise power minus any disability. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Power therefore utilizes the interplay between an individual’s characteristics and those of the existing conflict. In this case, the individual uses a variety of resources and str ategies of authority to achieve holistic goals. Significant spheres of personal power are: motivational, ethical and cognitive orientations. Individuals may be motivated to exercise either personal or group power (Deutsch, Coleman Marcus, 2006). This is mainly determined by the role being played, hierarchy in terms of position and culture which defines attitude towards power. Notably, competition of power arises when â€Å"power over† is exercised resulting into impairment of reasonable solutions. On the other hand, cooperative conflicts allow several alternatives to accomplish a competitive strategy and relevant power out to be considered to achieve desired goals. Training in conflict resolution is important to avoid friction between high and low-power groups (Deutsch, Coleman Marcus, 2006). Communication and Conflict Communication is a major tool in conflict resolution as depicted from several models. The coding-encoding model views communication as a process which invo lves encoding, transmission and decoding of information (Deutsch, Coleman Marcus, 2006). Good communication calls for proper communication that eliminates erroneous noise which may distort the message leading to misunderstanding. Secondly, intentionalist model looks at different meanings derived from similar words. It calls for having a shared language background that gives a common understanding as opposed to preconceived perceptions. Speakers should know the intended meaning and reflect on the interpretation of listeners. On the other hand, perspective-taking model acknowledges different point of views from participants sharing language and culture. Successful communication as applied in conflict resolution occurs when a speaker considers the perception of listeners than having misinformed judgment and stereotypes. Lastly, dialogic model underlines collaborative and cooperative approaches in communication within particular contexts of conflicts. It considers listeners as active participants with equal role in understanding the message. This can be achieved through questions from listeners seeking clarity of ideas. Equivalently, good communicators ought to put into account the form of the message as it may affect its content (Dana, 2001). Coupled with positive intentions, good communication makes the process of conflict resolution possible while the converse may exacerbate the situation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tools and Approaches of Conflict Resolution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Dana, D. (2001). Conflict resolution: mediation tools for everyday work-life. New York City, U.S: McGraw-Hill Professional. Deutsch, M., Coleman, P. T. Marcus, C. E. (2006). The handbook of conflict resolution: theory and practice. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.

Critical Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Critical Book Review - Essay Example Power and Schulkin’s work is a valuable contribution to the growing literature on the biology of obesity, and it probes both the causes and consequences of the epidemic sweeping across developed societies. One positive aspect of The Evolution of Obesity is the fact that Power and Schulkin do not address the best way to respond to obesity, as the wealth of diet and self-help books on the market today attempt to do. What Power and Schulkin set out to accomplish is a biological survey of the nature of obesity, its causes, and its social consequences. An evolutionary approach to the complex nature of the human body (and their adaptations through millennia) is ultimately a superior approach than any other research model currently being used to explain obesity. Because Power and Schulkin make their purpose in this book clear from the outset, its arguments and findings are relatively easy to follow. Their purpose is to explain recent changes in the shape and size of human beings through the lens of evolutionary science. Although it is not controversial to say that society carries the past with it, the idea of evolution that human beings carry millions of years of fine tuning in their bodies and minds is quite controversial. But according to the theory of evolution, this is correct: that many different structures in the human body have different purposes based on adaptation and survival. For instance, the authors write, â€Å"molecules that regulate physiology and behavior are ancient and have been co-opted to perform multiple functions that vary with tissue, stage of development, and the conditions of the internal milieu† (Power & Schulkin, 2009, p. viii). In the in-depth analysis of primate evolutionary history that follows, the aut hors conclude that interactions between biology and environment in the history of man has produced the ability of humans to absorb fats easily compared with other omnivores (especially primates) and, in the modern

MARKETING IMPLEMENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MARKETING IMPLEMENTATION - Essay Example ucceed, there is a need to recognize a problem within the market niche, know where the problem is emanating from, executing plans and evaluating the results of the executed plans. The marketing strategies can be implemented by using internal marketing and total quality management approaches. Pride & Ferrell note, "Both approaches represent mindsets that marketing managers may adopt when organizing and planning marketing activities† (2004). Internal marketing involves the administrative actions that are needed to make the employees of the company accept their obligations in the marketing process. Customers are also important in the internal market as they buy a firm’s products. Total quality refers to the output that the firm(s) gives to its customers. It focuses to meet the customers need to gain satisfaction from a product. Total quality method relies on the ability of employees to repeatedly increase the quality of goods and services in the organization. It takes into consideration organizing the products, region it distributes its products to and organizes its targeted customers. â€Å"Just like external marketing activities, internal marketing can involve market segmentation, research, distribution, product development, and even public sales promotion" (Pride 2004). Constant enhancement of an organizations goods and services is by the idea that the quality is free but having low quality of goods and services can lead to the number of dissatisfied customers hence can be expensive. In conclusion, marketing implementation connects with market strategies. The strategies have to be implemented through internal marketing and total quality management approaches. The ultimate result of an appropriate strategy is satisfied employees and enhanced customer

Argumentative on immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argumentative on immigration - Essay Example supports multiculturalism, notions of racism are suppressed and culturally diverse consumers use the product, which potentially increases the volume of consumers. Business entrepreneurs are able to maximize their profits by offering work to the immigrants. Immigrants normally accept to work at pays considerably lower than what are offered to the local people. Although the pays are lower than usual, yet they are considerably higher than what the immigrants would get in their homelands. So they happily accept to work, and the owners are able to save the money. Immigration strengthens the economy of poor countries. Immigrants send a major portion of the money earned to their families in their homelands. The remittance is a potential means of strength of a nation’s economy. Many countries have benefited from the income of people who seek work outside their home countries. Immigration offers a lot of advantages both to the immigrants, the country they immigrate from and the country they immigrate to. Some of the obvious advantages of immigration are multicultural marketing of products, increased profitability of business and strengthened economy of poor

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient CARE DELIVERY This essay will explore the effectiveness of the care delivered to one of the author’s service users whilst on clinical placement. This essay will demonstrate how the author developed therapeutic relationships through the use of appropriate communication and interpersonal skills in order to achieve this. Furthermore this essay will look at the formulation and documentation of the service user’s care plan involving the service user’s family and carers within a framework of informed consent. This essay will also evaluate and document the outcomes of nursing and other interventions. This essay will finally discuss the opportunities utilised and created to promote the health and well-being patients. In line with the codes of conduct for the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010), the author has sought and received voluntary and informed consent from the client whom the author will, for the purpose of confidentiality, be referred to under the pseudonym Alice Azonto. Further to this, all names and locations will be referred to under pseudonyms for the same purpose. The author will refer to Alice Azonto by her first name ‘Alice’ as is her preference. Alice is a 47 year old woman who attempted to commit suicide having taken an overdose of paracetamol following the death of her husband. She was rushed to a local hospital for medical attention when found by her neighbour and a good friend Dona in a semi-conscious state. Alice collapsed in her kitchen floor with empty sachets of tablets beside her and a suicide note addressed to her only son John who lives in a nearby city. It appeared that Alice has not been eating and drinking well. This resulted in weight lost and a chronic lung condition because of excessive smoking. It also appeared that Alice has been neglecting herself and there were signs she had made superficial cuts to her wrists. Alice was diagnosed of depression and was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 2007) when she refused to be admitted voluntarily following an assessment. Hospital environment can be very stressful for clients when they first arrive on the ward. Nurses need to engage positively with clients to develop therapeutic relationship. Barker (2009, p.36) argues that, therapeutic relationship empower clients to learn or cope more effectively with their environment. The nurse commenced a therapeutic relationship with Alice by initially introducing himself and addressed her by her preferred name. Alice was listened to and reassured by the nurse without any immediate advice or diminishing his feelings. NMC (2010) recommends that patients must be treated as individuals and respect their dignity. Alice was offered a daily 1:1 sessions with the nursing team which enabled staff identified his goals and wishes which were incorporated into his plan of care. Department of Health (DOH, 2006) asserts that 1:1 sessions are therapeutic; they enable the service user to engage well with staff as it empowers them to express their feelings and thoughts. A person-centred plan of care was devised in other to deliver effective care to promote Alice recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that treatment and care should take into account patients’ needs and preferences. It further suggests that people with depression should be given the opportunity to make informed decisions about their treatment and care together with their healthcare professional involved in their care. Different allied health professionals such as the psychiatrists, psychologists, GP, nurses, social workers, OT and other community care providers were involved Alice care because of the severity his complex mental and physical health needs. DOH (2004) the ten essential shared capabilities recommend that professionals, patients, families and carers should work in partnership to provide quality care. Consent was sought from Alice whether she wanted his son John to be involved in her care. Gaining consent is a legal aspect of mental health nursing and it shows that patients are treated with respect (Diamond, 2008 p. 234). Alice and her son were fully involved in every aspect of the plan of care. CPA (2008) recommends that patients, families and carers should be involved in decision making in regard to their care plans. The author and the nursing team provided Alice with vital information to promote her choice and to enable Alice to make informed decisions. To make sure Alice’s needs were still being met, the MTD reviewed her mental and physical health regularly and amended her plan of care accordingly with any significant changes. No Health without Mental Health (2011) affirmed that meeting service users other needs improves their quality of life and provides good well-being. Alice was initially nursed within eyesight observation which was later reviewed to general observation due to the nature of her illness and presentation per (NICE, 2005) recommendation. Alice had prompts, reassurance and full support from the nursing team in maintaining her personal hygiene needs. Alice had regular appointments with her GP to monitor her chronic lung condition and was also provided with bereavement support and counselling. NHS (2012) recommends that bereavement support should be offered to patients, carers, and families if they lose a dear one as it has impact on their mental health and well-being. Alice was made aware of options of treatment available to her as guided by (NICE, 2009). Food and fluid intake chart was also put in place to monitor her dietary. Alice was provided with the available social support networks and with the support of an OT Alice engaged in purposeful activities to help lift her mood up and promote her independence. New Horizons (2011, p. 136) suggests that occupational activities are therapeutic and they help patients to engage with staff and other patients on the ward and builds self-worth and confidence towards discharge. In addition to the antidepressant treatment, Alice also had the team psychologist inputs to help promote her prompt recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that, people with moderate or severe depression should be provided with a high-intensity psychological intervention i.e. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Individual Personal Therapy (IPT) with a combination of antidepressant medication. Papageorgiou, C. et al. (2011) affirms that, one of the most widely known types of psychological therapy for depression is CBT, which combines both cognitive and behavioural techniques into an integrated whole. The nurse and the MDT have educated Alice on how to promote healthier lifestyles choices and provided Alice with information in the form of leaflets about her condition and range of information on smoking cessation so that she can make her own informed choice. Wrycraft (2009) argues that, mental health promotion is an activity healthcare professionals carryout as part of their everyday practice in their roles and do not realise they are engaging in such activity. However at other times they actively seek information about health promotion activities Staff facilitated these health promotions by strengthening the patients on the ward, they increased emotional resilience through 1:1sessions and negotiating with the patients to promote her self-esteem and coping skills. The MDT should review her plan of care depending of her progress.

Report on Classroom Observation Essay

Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrate the art of teaching in actual situation and participate in all activities at the school level. The duration of internship was one semester. I tried to perform the assigned responsibilities in Azimpur Girl’s School and College under the direct management and control of the heads of respective school and under the supervision of two subject-supervisors and a school co-coordinator, assigned by Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka. Aim Teaching is in the center regarding all educational issues. So as a student of Institute of Education and Research, we should have an experience in teaching at the field level. Before starting teaching face to face it helps a practice teacher to acquaint themselves with the process, method of teaching if they observe a class of a certain level before entering in a class as a teacher. I have observed 3 science classes of grade 8. I have analyzed those classes and gave a brief description of one of the classes below. Azimpur Girl’s School and College Class: 8Sec: B Time: 11. 45-12. 25 Date: 29. 08. 05 Period: 2nd About the lesson The class was on physical science on â€Å"Work, Power and Energy†. The lesson contains discussion about the following topics: 1) Work and the mathematical expression of work 2) Different types of work 3) Power Description I had to observe the physical science class of Md. Shamsul Alam sir. I was waiting in front of his classroom. When he came I asked him politely if he could give me the permission to observe his class. He told me to sit in the class. When the teacher entered the class all the students’ stood up and when he told them to sit, they took their sits. At first he declared the lesson. Then he started his lecture by relating the lesson with practical experiences. Then he showed the mathematical expression in the black board. He explained the different types of work and to do so he dropped the duster from his hand and so also took a book higher from the desk. Now he told that if any student is more curious to know more about this he could go through the text book of higher secondary level, but this is adequate to write down in the exam paper. Then he asked the class â€Å"what is power? † one of the students answered. He agreed with him. Then he discussed on the unit of power. After that, he discussed with the students on energy, its unit and different forms of energy. He sometimes asked some examples and the students’ participated. While continuing the class he also told students to co operator with me. He left the class before the due time to let me introduce myself in the class. I talked with the class about their class times, syllabus, hobbies etc. when the bell rang for the next class, I left the room. Main features of the lesson observed: A. Physical facilities: †¢ Location of the class: The class is in the middle of the 2nd floor in the main school building. †¢ Shape of the class: The shape of the class room is almost square. †¢ Doors and windows: All the windows are in the right side of the class and the only door is in the left side of the room. The door is not very much spacious. †¢ Students’ bench and table: Every 23 students sit in a bench. The bench and the writing table are joined together. There is a long wooden string in every two sides of bench. There are columns and every column has rows with only one bench. There are 4 columns and 5 rows of benches in the classroom. The benches are not that much congested. Students have space to easily move. †¢ Blackboard: The blackboard is put in the wall of the class. It is not portable but fixed. It is not in the middle of the front wall. So all of the students cannot see easily what is written in the board. †¢ Lighting and ventilation: The natural lighting is not quite adequate for the class. The cross ventilation is not available in the classroom. †¢ Provision of artificial lighting and ventilation: There are 4 electric fans and lights in the class. But this is not quite adequate for the room. As there is no generator in the school and power failure being a common problem, sometimes students face problems as they suffer from the hot summer and cannot concentrate to their lessons. There is another problem of the artificial lighting as it is reflected in the blackboard and the front right side of the class cannot see the right corner of the board. †¢ Teachers table and chair: The wooden chair and table are in the front side of the class. The table is spacious but its drawers are hardly movable. The chair is quite ok as we should use in not for a long time to sit there while teaching. †¢ Color of the class: The colors of the walls are white but fade. It should be brighter. †¢ Other furniture: There are no other furniture except the above mentioned desk and benches for the students and the chair and table. B. Evaluation of the teacher’s proficiency: †¢ Dress up: His dress up was suitable for the class. †¢ Teaching method: His teaching method is good. When he was working out the problems, he asked the students for its possible solution. It shows that he applied the participatory approach. Sometimes he feels the need for recalling. So he asked the students to write down the important notes. He relates his lessen with real life. He told the students about he group of problems which had an equivalent solution and then worked out one or two from that group of problems. †¢ Teaching materials: He used no other teaching material except the black board. †¢ Learning environment: He learning environment was come and quite which was obvious for science lesson. But the environment was not fear free because of his way of punishment. †¢ Use of teaching materials: Except the blackboard he did not use any other teaching material. †¢ Use of black board: He used the blackboard neatly. His writings were legible and could be seen from even the last bench. He also did not stand parallel to the board making the students facing his back, but stand making angle with the board. But he did not look at the students while writing on the chalk board and the students took the advantage for side talking. Before going out of the class he wiped the board. †¢ Students’ involvement and participation: Students’ involvement and participation is not very high. Moreover most of the participants the conventional good students. †¢ Classroom questioning: After finishing a problem, he encouraged classroom questioning. But to arouse interest he did not asked any question to the students. †¢ Punishment and reward: His quantity of rewards was less than the quantity of punishment. Moreover his way of punishment did not suit to the child psychology. †¢ Classroom control: His classroom controlling power is really strong. No student disturbed in the class while he gave his lesson. Only few students talked in the class while he was using the blackboard. He used a nice technique while calling the rolls. †¢ Teacher student relationship: Teacher student relationship is not friendly, but grim. He maintained a big distance with them. Students were afraid of him. The teacher was caring but not frank. †¢ Way of expressing: He explained the steps of the solution clearly to the students with agile expression. †¢ Expertise in his particular lesson: He had a good expertise on his subject. He can answer the students’ questions proving his sagacity and he had other knowledge related to his subject beyond the text book. †¢ Beginning of the lesson: He didn’t make any specific motivation for the lesson. But his starting was quite good. †¢ Class work observation: He observed the given class by walking and watching the activities of the students entering the passages between the columns. He also gave individual feed back to some students. He did not collect the class work copies from the students. †¢ Home work: He gave homework at the end of the class and at the beginning of the class collected the homework copies. He corrected every copy and gave back the copies that day. But he did not give any feedback according to homework. †¢ Wittiness: Hardly ever he created suitable funny situation in the class making the students laugh. But obviously it is related to the lesson. He used some different words in the class, like he said that if anyone feels any pain in his mind meaning that if they had understood the topic. †¢ Voice and tone: His voice is suitable for the class. It can be heard from the last bench. The changing tone of his voice creates some special situations or attention in the class which is something urgent. †¢ Confidence: His face, behavior, talking shows that he is confident, confident about his expertise and controlling power. It is proved from the situation when students ask him questions and he answered in a very smart way. †¢ Punctuality: He was punctual. He started the class at the right time and finished before 5 minutes for me to introduce myself to the class. †¢ Discipline: The students were disciplined through out his class time. †¢ Cleanliness: He maintains cleanliness in every step. C. Strengths of the teacher: †¢ Good controlling power over the class. †¢ Appropriate voice and flexible tone †¢ Tries to relate the lesson to everyday life. †¢ Maintains the rules of using black board. †¢ Asks the students about the possible way of solving problems to enhance student participation. †¢ Punctual. †¢ He can clarify the salvation of a problem clearly. D. Weakness of the teacher: †¢ Does not give attention to classroom participation and student involvement. †¢ Does not give much emphasis on girls. †¢ Cannot crate a friendly, fear free classroom situation. †¢ Emphasizes on negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement. †¢ Bad way of punishment and scolding. †¢ Does not use any other teaching material but the blackboard. †¢ Does not make a specific and effective motivation towards a specific lesson. †¢ He didn’t check the class work copies. E. Possible ways of improving the lesson: †¢ He could use a poster with the necessary algebraic formulas, in this lesson. That poster could hang on one corner of the black board thus the students could remind the formulas in a friendly and effective way. †¢ To be confirmed about the students’ class performance the class work copy of every student can be collected and corrected. And basing on it the teacher can keep a record by grading them about their class work copies. †¢ He could do something at the beginning of the lesson to motivate the students. †¢ If he could check the class work copies of all the students it would help the students to do his class works more sincerely. Conclusion This class observation helped me a lot to improve myself in teaching and learning. In this sense I will ever greatful to the administration of Azimpur School and College for giving me the unique opportunity. Tamanna Kalim Material Developer BRAC Education Programme Bangladesh.

Increasing the Age to 25 When Purchasing Alcohol

In today’s society, alcohol consumption has been taken on as a norm. It can be seen in every arena of life from been seen through the media or through our own personal eyes. When consumed in moderation, alcohol consumption can have some positive effects on individuals. One can get livelier, easier and relaxed. One can also talk more easily and feel less tired. According to some researchers, moderate alcohol use protects against cardiovascular diseases (Carlson, 2009). Socially, some people claim that it also has positive effects. It provides a lot of employment in the production, catering and retail of products and services in which alcohol plays a part. Also, people claim that alcoholic beverages help people socialize. However, if consumed when young, alcohol consumption can have a negative effect. Increasing the age limit on alcohol purchasing to 25 can decrease the consumption rate, misuse rate, and addiction rate among individuals. First, increasing the age limit on alcohol purchasing to 25 can decrease the overall consumption rate. By increasing the drinking age to 25, it can reduce consumption amongst young people because it will be harder to buy alcohol. According to U. S. Department of Health and Human Services for the Centers for Disease Control survey, approximately 52% of Americans over the age of 18 are regular drinkers (Sondik, 2010). The percentage of alcohol consumption can decrease with the increase of the age limit. Secondly, increasing the age limit on alcohol purchasing to 25 can decrease the overall misuse rate of alcohol among the younger crowd. By increasing the drinking age to 25, the group of impaired driver accidents and deaths may decrease. According to the U. S. Drunk Driving Car Accident Statistics, approximately 34% of individuals between the age of 21 and 24 did from vehicle accidents each year (NHTSA, 1997). The percentage of death from motor vehicle accidents and alcohol can decrease with the increase of the age limit. Thirdly, increasing the age limit on alcohol purchasing to 25 will decrease the percentage of individuals that become addicted to alcohol at a young age. The younger a person begins using alcohol, the greater the chance of developing alcohol dependence or abuse some time in their life. Of those who begin drinking at age-18, 16. 6% subsequently are classified with alcohol dependence and 7. 8% with alcohol abuse. If a person waits until age-25 before taking his or her first drink, these risks can decrease by over 60% (Grant, 1997). The percentage of individuals that become addicted to alcohol can decrease with the increase of the age limit. In conclusion, by increasing the age limit on alcohol purchasing to 25 can decrease the consumption rate, misuse rate, and addiction rate among individuals. The overall rates decreasing will benefit every individual in every age group. This can also allow individuals to experience the positive effects of alcohol consumption by being livelier, easier and more relaxed. Work Cited Carlson, Neil H. â€Å"Physiology of Behavior†. Allyn & Bacon, Incorporated: New York, New York. 1 Jan 2009. Grant, B. F. & Dawson, D. A. â€Å"Age of Onset of Alcohol Use and Its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Study,† Journal of Substance Abuse, 9:103-110, 1997. National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA), â€Å"Traffic Safety Facts 1996: Alcohol,† 1997. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/alcohol/SocialNorms_Strategy/images/SocialNorms .pdf Sondik, Edward J. â€Å"Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey†. Series 10: Data From the National Health Interview Survey No. 249. August 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_249.pdf

Salaries of Professional Atheletes essays

Salaries of Professional Atheletes essays In the past there were and are many disputes over the high salaries of professional athletes. I think that these athletes should receive the high salaries that they deserve. One reason why I think professional athletes should receive such high salaries is that they are highly skilled. Professional athletes train and practice hard almost everyday and for most of the day. Most professional athletes also have played sports in college. Look at Michael Jordan, he played college basketball. Another reason why I think professional athletes should receive such high salaries is the high risk of injury. When athletes are playing in a game or even in practice, they run a high risk of getting hurt. If they get hurt, they would need some way of paying for their recovery. In addition, if the athlete were permanently injured they would need some way of supporting their family and themselves. Mike Modano, the center for the Dallas Stars, has temporally been injured and probably will not be able to play hockey for the rest of the season. Also a reason why I think professional athletes should receive such high salaries is that the athlete will not be playing the sport that they play for the rest of their life. Most athletes retire after the age of forty. And if that person does not have any skills, other than sports, then they need a way of support financially. Look at John Elway he retired this year. John Elway's wife has cancer and if John was not paid the high salary that he was paid he would not be able to pay for his wife's cancer treatment. The last reason why I think professional athletes should receive such high salaries is the fact that some athletes are role models for so many people. Some athletes contribute to charities that help children, the disabled, and other worthwhile charities. Look at Troy Aikman, he contributes to charities by setting up the Troy Aikman Foundation. Some professional athletes show a great deal...

Crime and Punishment essays

Crime and Punishment essays The young Rodion Romanovitch Raskolnikov, an aspiring, brilliant yet poor student lives in Russia in the early 1860's. It is late summer and Raskolnikovs poverty has forced him into lodging at a cheap dirty garret where he is already deeply indebted to his landlady, Praskovya Pavlovna. His unique views and thought process lead him to make random rants about numerous subjects such as society. These intellectual arguments lean the novel to a more tense and bitter atmosphere. He is without any close friends and cares little for his appearance or composure. Yet he has one major belief that later is shown to be the theme. This belief is based upon the idea that all crimes committed are discovered through the criminals own mishaps caused by their lack of will, ultimately he believes that a criminal conscience is their downfall. He sets to prove this theory by committing the perfect crime. He carefully plans the murder of an old cynical pawn broker, Alyona Ivanovna. Yet the events leading up to the murder, are a great influence on Raskolnikovs actions. At one point he meets an older man in a tavern who tells him off his poverty and self loathing. He explains that he had stolen the money from his wife and later his daughter, whom he had been forced into prostitution, and had spent this money on alcohol. Raskolnikov is utterly disgusted by the man and his tale and vows never to demean himself to such a level. Yet after the murder of the pawn broker and her sister he is struck by bouts of unconsciousness and fitful sleep. His crime and illness lead him to meet new characters who make him question the belief that he founded his crime upon. Dostoevsky uses Raskolnikovs interactions with different characters as a juxtaposition and symbolism of his own personality. When he meets the drunken man in the tavern he is touched with self loathing and self pity as he recognises his own poverty and willingness to demean himself and ot...

The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyng Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyng - Essay Example The first memoire of the book encompasses the life of her and which pictures her duties to both her natal family and to the royal family Choson Korea (1392- 1910) in detail. Her marriage to Sado, the crown prince made her filial to her martial family, but at the same time she showed her dutiful nature to her natal family. Her decision to commit suicide, in order to follow her deceased husband, is barred from her father’s instructions to look after her son who became vulnerable by the death of his father. The life of the Lady HyegyÃ… ng’s duty towards her marital family can be seen by her servile nature to her husband, Sado, who was executed by the King Yongjo, his father. This incident marks as the beginning of her tragedies. Later, the princess Queen Chongsun’s reign made much harm to the social and political position of her family. She wanted to recover the lost position of her family and so when her son, Chongjo ascended into throne she tried her level best to regain the position of her family; but the suspicion of disloyalty caused the death of Hong Inhan, Hong Ponghan’s younger brother. Later the problems could be solve d by the involvement of Lady HyegyÃ… ng. Still the family did not overcome from the tragedies and so in 1801, Hong Nagim, younger brother of Lady HyegyÃ… ng was executed by the regent, Queen dowager. The reign of the grandson of Lady HyegyÃ… ng, Sunjo showed the end of hardships of her family, as the king was compassionate towards his grandmother. The writers, Hyegyonggung Hong Ssi and JaHyun Kim Haboush say that the Lady HyegyÃ… ng‘s filial duty towards her natal family had been shown in her wishes to be judged fairly and therefore in the first memoire she justifies her family and herself (Hong & Haboush 5). Lady HyegyÃ… ng’s first memoire, addressed to the heir of her natal family, is rather a part of the cross section of both families in her life. The Choson family and Hong

Software Quality Assurance - The effectiveness of systems integrity Essay

Software Quality Assurance - The effectiveness of systems integrity assurance actions - Essay Example Mr. Spencer-Jones, the CEO admits that the firm has been under financial pressure due to reduced sales of their Maxil CC5 aircraft. This had been worsened by stiff competition from Vader Aircraft’s Vader XX8 and their yet to be launched Vader XX9 aircrafts. Nonetheless, Maxil has been a model aviation firm, until the recent tragic incident that involved one of their aircrafts, the recently launched Maxil FBW1. This report presents an analysis of the events leading to the accident; it not only indicates how the events contributed to the incident, but also makes recommendations on how improvements can be made in the development of safety critical systems at Maxil. Investigations reveal a lot of loopholes and inconsistencies that could have, in one way or another, caused the accident. Some of these include shortage of experts in engineering, design and programming, poor cooperation among project stakeholders, as well as threats and intimidation of staff. However, it is evident th at the most probable cause of the disaster was the software; data from the flight recorder indicated that the computer controlling the aircraft caused a severe height adjustment moments before the crash. Interviews with the various people involved in the design and development of the software used in the aircrafts indicate that there was a lack of professionalism, right from the programming to the testing phase. However, the most likely cause of the calamity was poor testing. Development and Testing of the Software Software testing starts during the coding of the application. The programmers identify and correct errors in the code as they continue with their work. In this case, despite the fact that Maxil has a team of capable programmers, their knowledge of the ADA and Assembler programming languages, which are utilized in the development of software in the aviation industry, was insufficient. They had to rely on Wayne Goldsmith, himself a design Engineer, to translate the code wri tten by the programmers into either ADA or Assembler. This provided an opportunity for many errors in the code to go unnoticed since only Wayne was sufficiently familiar with both ADA and Assembler. The other problem with testing came about right from management. The Metrics and Quality Manager, Sid Bentley is an expert in Mechanical Engineering, not Software Engineering. His knowledge in product and metrics testing was, therefore, not sufficient in software testing; he had just started learning about code analysis, GQM, CMM, and PROFES. He relied on the integrity and professionalism of the software engineers and a strict testing regime, hoping they would deliver quality software. However, this was not realized because of the unprofessional conduct of the programmers, coupled with the absence of a well structured testing rubric for the applications. These are evidenced by the fact that the team of programmers was not available to test the software when they were needed. In addition, much as they claimed to have the knowledge to test the software, it is not entirely professional for programmers to test their own software. The integrity of the software came into question after the testing session that was carried out by John Garside. The fact that Ralph Plunket delivered the code late, together with the threats

Marketing Myopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Marketing Myopia - Essay Example Therefore, an efficient marketer would carefully plan and adopt strategies which are customer oriented and would try to build profitable customers relationships. In this article, the author says that marketers today focus on production and selling rather than adopting customer oriented strategies. He urges marketers to concentrate on their industries and plan their activities strategically in order to remain competitive. He also tries to motivate the marketers to study the needs of the customers to make profitable customer relationships. The main focus of this article is on providing customer value and following a customer oriented approach. The article revolves around the customer oriented approach as presented 52 years ago but can still be applied to the modern world approaches these days. In this article, the author portrays that a lot of businesses in many industries have been declining or going through the declining stage, not because of saturation of the market but because of t he shortcomings of the management. The main setback is the inability of managers to concentrate on customers and find current customer needs. ... In order to find current customer needs and wants, marketers need to carry out effective marketing research and provide only those goods and services which are actually wanted by the customers. The author gives the example of the railway business and the reasons for its decline. He explains that the railroad business concentrated on their railways instead of the benefit of transportation that it provided. Other industries were able to take away their customers not because the demand for transportation decreased (it actually increase), but because the railway business itself gave other s the opportunity of taking away their customers. The author states that the main reason for their decline was that they were product oriented instead of being customer oriented. Another example was of the Hollywood industry which concentrated on the movie business instead rather than providing entertainment to the viewers. This gave way to TV which was customer oriented and providing true entertainment to the viewers. These examples give a clear indication that being product oriented can prove to be very harmful for the company as a whole and may even force it to go out of business. There are hundreds of such examples that we see everyday and therefore, marketers as well as managers should make sure that the business adopts those strategies which are customer oriented instead of being product oriented. The main purpose of these examples is that the author wants to show the managers and marketers that a single approach of whether being product oriented or market oriented can affect their entire organization and it disregards all the other plans and work done by the management. If the marketer`s main focus is on the product and its attributes rather than on the customer and his

Poland Springs Advertisement Campaign Failure Essay Example for Free

Poland Springs Advertisement Campaign Failure Essay Poland Spring’s recent advertisement puts its viewers in a serene natural environment; a nice sunny day overlooking a crystal clear spring on a green field. In the center of this field is a giant plastic bottle, one that is â€Å"environmentally friendly.† The bottle is praised and pointed out for using â€Å"less plastic,† â€Å"less paper,† and the very important â€Å"dye-free cap.† The bottle is called the â€Å"Eco-Shaped bottle† and is designed to have less impact on the earth. The entire scene is under the giant caption that tells of how Poland Spring is doing â€Å"less† to the environment. The company is selling water in a disposable plastic bottle yet the advertisement seems to be trying to convince people that by consuming their disposable product they are some how helping the environment; that because they drink Poland Spring water they are doing â€Å"less to the environment. This advertising strategy however is not uncommon. According to Julia B. Corbett â€Å" ‘green advertising’ has focused on ads that promote environmental sensitivity toward†¦ a corporate image of environmental sensitivity† (Corbett 148). The recent ad campaign may seen to be about Poland Spring’s new â€Å"Eco-Shaped† bottle, but it is really about diverting attention from the pollution the bottle generates to instead creating a pro-environmental view of the company and its product. The Eco-Shaped bottle by Poland Spring is marketed with a few selling points the company points out directly in their advertisement. The bottle uses â€Å"30% less plastic†, â€Å"less paper† and a â€Å"dye-free cap†. These improvements are  better for the environment then the original bottle used by Poland Spring. However the problem lies in the fact that the product is still harmful to the environment. Last time I checked less of a bad thing is still a bad thing. According a recent article by Hope Molinaro, the California Department of Conservation (CDOC) stated, â€Å"in California, more than a billion plastic water bottles wind up in the trash each year† and that total is only the amount of bottles in the state of California (Molinaro, 64). The total amount equates to 3 million empty water bottles per day disposed of in just one state (Molinaro, 64). That large amount of plastic has many detrimental effects to the environment. The materials used to make the bottles consist of a tremendous amount of resources and are difficult to dispose of if not recycled. There is an overwhelming amount of evidence to make the claim that a good portion of the plastic bottle waste generated in the United States is produced by the Poland Spring Company. Not only is the plastic filling our landfills, but there is evidence that the water bottle company is polluting its own town. According to a 2008 study of pollution demographics of Androscoggin County in Maine, where Poland Spring’s headquarters is located, the particulate matter is 62% higher there than the United States average (Unknown). It’s also 61% higher then the state of Maine’s average particulate matter found (Unknown). Particulate matter is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets. Particle pollution is made up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates and sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. Poland Spring’s advertisement does not show any of this particulate matter when depicting how green and lush the springs it gets its water from are. One aspect of the Poland Spring’s advertisement that I find different and contradictory to traditional green thinking is that in the ad the plastic Poland Spring water bottle, is shown in nature. Normally when a plastic water bottle is found laying in a field or any natural setting for that matter, it is viewed upon as pollution. In this ad the bottle is sitting in nature and is supposed to be appealing to the human eye. The bottle is shown in a way that it blends into the natural setting and tries to convince people that it almost belongs there, in the midst of nature; that the  unnatural belongs with the natural. It is easy to relate the bottle as being positive to the environment however as it blends in with the incredible sunrise in the background on a beautiful day with a clear sky. The bottle is featured sitting in a field where the growth of the field is doing outstanding and there is not one dead or even one imperfectly grown plant. The land is doing so well it is almost portrayed as being happy and at peace with a giant, unnatural, plastic water bottle sticking out of it. This scene does not just occur in the ad however as pollution is a huge issue when there is a â€Å"disposable† factor to the product. A second contradiction in the ad is that Poland Spring is a water bottle company whose ad features more lush, green field then the body of water in which their product comes from. The ad is trying to make the product fall into the American consumers mind as a green product hence the green field is more affective then a view of the lake or spring containing the water Poland Spring is selling. Poland Spring is really trying to hammer in the point that it’s product is green and eco-friendly, and the more green in the picture the more green the consumer sees. Contradiction number three this ad uses is the slogan that titles it. In the current green revolution sweeping across America the constant theme is doing more for the environment. Under Poland Springs fancy, flower-laden font reads the words â€Å"doing less†. This is a clear indication that Poland Spring is not being beneficial to the environment by saying they are â€Å"doing less† harm to the planet we live on. Over the serene sunset, over laying the clear blue sky, and lush green field, lies an admission of pollution and guilt by the company. Poland Spring’s methods however are not so uncommon in today’s advertising market. Many advertising campaigns are seen now featuring nature in one way or another and one of the more common ways to do this is through and advertisements backdrop. According to Julia B. Corbett, â€Å"Using nature merely as a backdrop whether in the form of wild animals, mountain vistas or sparkling rivers-is the most common use of the natural world in advertisements.† (Corbett 150) So when Poland Spring sets it’s water bottle in the green field, with little purple flowers swaying in the wind, the peaceful sunset over looking the bluest clear sky the world has to offer,  followed by beautiful green hills rolling off to the distance there is a purpose to it. The purpose according to Julia could be that the company is trying to promote a â€Å"corporate image of environmental responsibility.†(Corbett 148) This is very well one if not the main initiative of the advertisement and it is even so less of an advertisement as it is a rebuttal. Recently, as our country starts to become more â€Å"green† and environmentally aware, there has been some recent campaigns against the consumption of bottled water. One major campaign against bottled water has been â€Å"Think outside the bottle†. Even the mayor of Miami, Manny Diaz along with a dozen or so mayors, is calling on municipal governments to phase out bottled-water purchases in a resolution to be presented at the U.S. Mayors Conference (Barnes). Poland Spring is trying to distract the average consumer from believing the hype that the bottle are bad for the environment and tries to prove that they are doing something about it. Poland Spring’s advertisement is focusing on green aspects of its product and is trying to make the company appear to have a green initiative, however the Poland Spring’s target audience is not the hardcore environmentalist. Any person who puts some research into what they buy and cares about the environment is going to know that consumption of disposable plastic water bottles is not going to help the environment. The ad however does target the average consumer who does sort of care about the environment but does not research into what they consume. A consumer might see the recent anti-water bottle campaigns and generate a negative view of the disposable, plastic water bottles that Poland Spring sells. That is why Poland Spring’s ad was created in the first place, to turn the average consumer’s view of the water bottle and the Poland Spring Company from a negative one to a positive one. In times of environmental awareness that the United States is currently facing, many unenvironmentally friendly companies are finding it harder and harder to promote sales for their products. Poland Spring is no different in that respect but tries a different approach that is gaining in popularity, green advertising. Poland Spring uses nature to show a pristine and beautiful backdrop for their hazardous product. The ad is focusing on deterring the public’s view of Poland Spring from environmentally damaging  to environmentally caring. As shady and undermining the ad is to not only the people but the earth its self, the ad creates a pro-environmental image of a company that does not practice what is preaches. Works Cited Barnes, Tayler. Anti Bottled Water Campaign Enlists Mayors to Cause. Corporate Accountability International. Miami Herald. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. http://www.stopcorporateabuse.org/MiamiHeraldTOTB. Corbett, Julia B. †Faint†Green: Advertising and the Natural World.† Communicating Nature: How We Create and Understand Environmental Messages. Island, 2005. Web. Molinaro, Hope. Plastic Water Bottles Go to Waste, Says Calif. Conservation Agency. Plastics Engineering 59.7 (2003): 64-. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. Unknown. Poland Spring Pollution Indexes. Raw data. Androscoggin County. CLRSreach.com

Womens Pavilion at the Columbian Exposition Essay example -- Architec

The Women's Pavilion The Columbian Exposition was notable for its impressive architecture and large international attendance. Of particular importance was the Women's Pavilion. The first of its kind to have been designed by a female architect, it revealed much about the social plight of women at that time, and the need for further progress in the movement for equal rights. While its existence did not trigger significant changes for the Women's Movement, this pavilion was certainly a promising first step that would set a precedent for women's involvement in later years. All aspects of women's involvement in the Chicago fair were overseen by the Board of Lady Managers. This governing body, the first of its kind, had authority over all the decisions regarding the Women's Pavilion. It was headed by Mrs. Potter Palmer of Chicago, and composed of a diverse group of women from all over the United States. There were two women members from each state and territory as well as nine from Chicago. Invitations were extended to women across the world for their participation. Delegations from England, France, Spain, Germany, Austria, Russia, Italy, Holland, Belgium, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Ecuador, Venezuela, Algeria, Siam and Japan all participated in the planning ,and particularly the interior decoration. Many of these organizers belonged to the upper-class or even aristocracy of their societies. The first women's pavilion had been erected in 1876 in Philadelphia. The previous year, women had been given their own section in the main fair building, but at the last minute this decision was revoked. Instead, women were told if they wanted a display, it would have to be in their own building and from their o... ... was still a long way to go on the path to equality between the sexes. Works Cited: White, Trumbull. The World Columbian Exposition ,Chicago 1893. Philadelphia. P.W. Ziegler & Co. 1893 Ralph, Julian. Harper's Chicago and the World's Fair New York, Harper and Brothers, 1893. 161-172 Bolotin, Norm. The World's Columbian Exposition: the Chicago World's Fair Washington, D.C., Preservation Press, 1992. Paul Greenhalgh. Ephemeral Vistas: The Expositions Universelle, Great Exhibitions, And World's Fairs, 1851- 1939 "Women: Exhibiting and Exhibited" Manchester, U.K.: Manuchester University Press, 1988. 174-195 "World's Columbian Exposition of 1893" Paul V. Galvin Library Digital History Collection, Illinois Institute of Technology. http://columbus.gl.iit.edu/ Torre, Susan. "Women in Design" Design Book Review 1991, Spring n20. Pg.74-76 ISSN 0737-5344.

Functions of Mass Communication

Wright (1960) characterizes seven functions of mass communication that offer insight into its role in our lives. * Surveillance. The first function of mass communication is to serve as the eyes and ears for those of us seeking information about our world. When we want to find out the latest news about what’s happening, we can turn on the television, surf the internet, or read a newspaper or magazine. We rely on mass communication for news and information about our daily lives such as the weather, stock reports, or the start time for a game. What was one of the first things you did after you heard about the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center? More than likely, you were glued to the Internet or your television waiting for details about the disaster. In fact, your authors’ campus closed down to allow people to stay at home to collect information and be with loved ones, even though our campus is located on the other side of the country. * Correlation. Correlation addresses how the media present facts that we use to move through the world. The information we get through mass communication is not objective and without bias. The grandmother of a friend of your authors stated that the information she heard on the radio, â€Å"had to be true† because it was on the radio. This statement begs the question, how credible are the media? Can we consume media without questioning motive and agenda? Someone selects, arranges, interprets, edits, and critiques the information we see. A friend of your authors’ has a brother who edits for a major reality TV show. When asked if what we see if a fair representation of what really happens, the person who does the editing simply laughed and said â€Å"no. † * Sensationalization. There is an old saying in the news industry-â€Å"if it bleeds, it leads† that highlights the idea of sensationalization. Sensationalization is when the media puts forward the most sensational messages to titillate consumers. Elliot poses some interesting food for thought: â€Å"Media managers think in terms of consumers rather than citizens. Good journalism sells, but unfortunately, bad journalism sells as well. And, bad journalism-stories that simply repeat government claims or that reinforce what the public wants to hear instead of offering independent reporting -is cheaper and easier to produce† (2004, . 35). * Entertainment. Mass media provide us with an escape from daily routines and problems by entertaining us (Zillmann & Bryant, 1986, p. 303). Media like People Magazine and E-TV keep us up to date on the doings of our favorite celebrities. We watch sports on television, go to the movies, play video games, and listen to our ipods and radios. Most mass communication simultaneously entertains and informs. We often turn to media in our leisure time to provide an escape from our boredom and relief from the predictability of our everyday lives. We rely on media to take us places we could not afford to go or imagine, acquaint us with bits of culture, and make us laugh or cry. Entertainment can have the secondary effect of providing companionship and/or catharsis through the media we consume. * Transmission. Mass media is a vehicle to transmit cultural norms, values, rules, and habits. Consider how you learned about what is fashionable to wear or what music to listen to. Mass media plays a significant role in the socialization process. We look for role models to display appropriate cultural norms, but all too often, we do not recognize inappropriate or stereotypical behavior. We start shopping, dressing, smelling, walking, and talking like the person in the music video, commercial, or movies. Why would soft drink companies pay Christina Aguilera or Mariah Carey millions of dollars to sell their products? Have you ever bought a pair of shoes or changed your hairstyle because of something you encountered in the media? Obviously, culture, age, type of media, and other cultural variables factor into how mass communication influences how we learn and perceive our culture. * Mobilization. Mass communication functions to mobilize people during times of crisis (McQuail, 1994). Think back to 9/11. Regardless of your political preferences, we mourned as a nation and rallied around national pride and patriotism during this time of crisis. Using our earlier example, your authors’ campus decided to suspend classes to allow the campus community time to mourn the loss of fellow citizens. With instant access to media and information, we can collectively witness the same events taking place in real time somewhere else, thus mobilizing a large population of people around a particular event. The rising popularity of political websites such as moveon. rg is another key example of the use of mass communication to mobilize people for political action. * Validation. Mass communication functions to validate the status and norms of particular individuals, movements, organizations, or products. The validation of particular people or groups serves to enforce social norms (Lazarsfeld & Merton, 1971). If you think about most television dramas and sitcoms, who are the primary characters? What gender and ethnicity are the majority of the stars? What gender and ethnicity are those that play criminals or those considered abnormal? The media validates particular cultural norms while diminishing differences and variations from those norms. A great deal of criticism focuses on how certain groups are promoted, and others marginalized by how they are portrayed in mass media. Given the power of the various functions of mass communication, we need to be reflective about its presence in our lives (McLuhan & Fiore, 1967). We will now turn our attention to the study of mass communication by looking at what mass communication scholars study, and how they study it.

Memorable Moment Essay

Intro: My experience entering University Kuala Lumpur when I arrived on campus Body: 1. Feeling of emotions 2. The place of building 3. Meet friends Conclusion: Hard moment to say goodbye to family One of the most memorable moments is the first time that I had through on January 09, 2013. It was the first day of my new life, the life that I was going to spend 3 years at University Kuala Lumpur Business School that formerly known as International School of Entrepreneurship (ISE). As people said, college life is a life of freedom but for me college is starting of a new life. For the first time, I felt so many emotions in my heart that makes my heart beat so fast. I was no longer being a girl but a woman who had to stay far away from home and family. I had begun to think myself to be a woman with lots of spirit to end of my study without any problem. When I entered my college for the first day, I looked around with a much more of various feeling. The stately building is what people always talked a campus in the middle of city. I entered the college with my best friend Nurulikma that I meet from old college when I take Diploma. Firstly I was going to Malaysian Institute of Information Technology (MIIT) University City Campus for registration. We need to fill up a few of letter form to get our dorm key. But finally after everything was taken care of we got to go to set up my belongings in my dorm. Never the less, when my family and I finally got up to the room and opened the door, I was very excited, I met my roommates, they are really friendly. We introduced ourselves. Unfortunately my roommates were from different states but for me it was okay even though we had some problem in communication. The room looks nice that I got to spend my first semester. I chose my bed near the plug as I need to use electricity sometimes. After I was settled in, my family and I had a nice lunch and wish them goodbye. That was the saddest moment because I need to live far from my family. (348 words) Read more: Proud Moments in Life

Capital punishment misc10 essays

Capital punishment misc10 essays The use of capital punishment has been a permanent fixture in society since the earliest civilizations and continues to be used as a form of punishment in countries today. It has been used for various crimes ranging from the desertion of soldiers during wartime to the more heinous crimes of serial killers. However, the mere fact that this brutal form of punishment and revenge has been the policy of many nations in the past does not subsequently warrant its implementation in today's society. The death penalty is morally and socially unethical, should be construed as cruel and unusual punishment since it is both discriminatory and arbitrary, has no proof of acting as a deterrent, and risks the atrocious and unacceptable injustice of executing innocent people. As long as capital punishment exists in our society it will continue to spark the injustice which it has failed to curb. Capital punishment is immoral and unethical. It does not matter who does the killing because when a life is taken by another it is always wrong. By killing a human being the state lessens the value of life and actually contributes to the growing sentiment in today's society that certain individuals are worth more than others. When the value of life is lessened under certain circumstances such as the life of a murderer, what is stopping others from creating their own circumstances for the value of one's life such as race, class, religion, and economics. Immanual Kant, a great philosopher of ethics, came up with the Categorical Imperative, which is a universal command or rule that states that society and individuals "must act in such a way that you can will that your actions become a universal law for all to follow" (Palmer 265). There must be some set of moral and ethical standards that even the government can not supersede, otherwise how can the state expect its citizens not to follow its own example. ...

Most Important Quotes From The Crucible, Analyzed

Most Important Quotes From The Crucible, Analyzed SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Crucible is four acts and 134 pages of tight dialogue and economical action. It can be hard to pick out particular moments or quotes as being key since everything moves along so quickly. Never fear! I haveyour back with this complete guide toThe Crucible quotes. I’ll go over the most important quotes from The Crucible, explainingboth their literal meaning and why they’re important. For clarity, the quotes are grouped into four themes: irony, fear and hysteria, pride and reputation, and power and authority. Each section also includes additional quotes that fall under the same general theme for you to practiceanalyzing on your own. Irony Quotes Many of the Crucible quotes fall into the category of â€Å"dramatic irony†, which is the irony that’s created when there’s a mismatch between what a character thinks or says and what the audience knows to be true. It’s hardly surprising there is so much irony in The Crucible – after all, one of the central causes of conflict in the play is hypocrisy. With that in mind, here are some key quotes from The Crucible that demonstrate irony of some kind. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her.† (Hale, Act 1, p. 35) The irony, of course, is that the â€Å"marks† of the Devil are nowhere near â€Å"definite as stone† – the only evidence to support accusations of witchcraft are the subjective experiences of the "afflicted." Even in cases when the girls display symptoms (going cold and clammy or having needles stuck in them), there’s never any physical evidence directly linking the accused witches to their supposed crimes. â€Å"ABIGAIL: Don’t lie! To Hale: She comes to me while I sleep; she’s always making me dream corruptions!† (Act 1, p. 41) Abigail yelling â€Å"don’t lie† at another person is highly ironic, not only because Miller introduced her as a liar (she has â€Å"an endless capacity for dissembling†), but because Abigail had just told Proctor Betty’s illness was nothing to do with witchcraft not 20 page previously. "I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies, as though I come into a court when I come into this house!" (Proctor, Act 2 p. 52) "PROCTOR: Because it speaks deceit, and I am honest! But I’ll plead no more! I see now your spirit twists around the single error of my life, and I will never tear it free!" (Act 2, p. 59) This pair of quotes both demonstrate the ironic concept: as far as the audience understands it, the only person who seems to be judging Proctor is not Elizabeth, but Proctor himself. There's also a bit of foreshadowing with â€Å"as though I come into a court†, since in Act 3 Proctor will do that very thing. "No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack up on this village. There is too much evidence now to deny it† (Hale, Act 2, p. 61). The village is certainly under attack, but not necessarily in the way Hale thinks it is. The real â€Å"powers of dark† affecting Salem are suspicion and fear, not anything demonic. â€Å"I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it† (Hale, Act 3, p. 92). Again, the â€Å"proof so immaculate† that Hale speaks of is the word of one person against the word of another. As we’ll see in a quote by Danforth later on in this article, the proof only remains beyond reproach if you believe in witchcraft more than you believe that people are fallible. There's also foreshadowing in this quote because by the end of this act, Hale is full of qualms, and by the end of the play, Hale feels he has â€Å"blood on [his] head† (p. 121). â€Å"But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary† (Abigail, Act 3, p. 106) Abigail's words here are ironic because in The Crucible, it is Abigail who is envious of the position Elizabeth Proctor has as John Proctor’s wife. â€Å"DANFORTH, conciliatory: You misunderstand, sir; I cannot pardon these when twelve are already hanged for the same crime. It is not just.† (Act 4, p. 119). The irony in Danforth's statement is that it wasn’t "just" to hang any of the accused witches in the first place, and so continuing to hang people just because it's already been done before is a terrible idea. Salem Massachusetts - Burying Point Cemetery/Used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from original. Now that you’ve seen a few ironic quotes analyzed and explained, it’s your turn! Below you'll find several quotes that demonstrate irony (dramatic or otherwise). Try your hand at explaining why each one is ironic and analyzing the difference between what the character mean when she said the quote and the hidden meaning. "ABIGAIL: I never sold myself! I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl!" (Act 1, p. 40) "MARY WARREN, with greater impatience with him: I told you the proof. It’s hard proof, hard as rock, the judges said." (Act 2, p. 54) â€Å"Proctor, I cannot think God be provoked so grandly by such a petty cause†¦think on your village and what may have drawn from heaven such thundering wrath upon you all † (Hale, Act 2, p. 75) "PROCTOR: 'Do that which is good, and no harm shall come to you.'" (Act 3, p. 88) â€Å"Oh, Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it’s God’s work I do.† (Abigail, Act 3, p.107) Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Fear and Hysteria Quotes The second major theme in The Crucible (and one that teachers often ask about) is fear and hysteria. The fear caused by the thought of supernatural evil in Salem causes the characters in the play to turn a blind eye to logic and instead believe in claims not backed by actual â€Å"hard as rock† proof. Below are some of theCruciblequotes that relate to this theme. â€Å"There is a misty plot afoot so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!† (Hale, Act 2, p. 68) Hale demonstrates perfectly the mindset of the characters affected by the hysteria and fear. In his case, it’s more hysteria than fear – he doesn’t particularly fear that he may be accused as a witch, but he has been persuaded by the â€Å"frightful proofs† he’s seen and this has blinded him to any other possible reasons that the witchcraft accusations might be being made. â€Å"Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as God’s fingers? I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem - vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (Proctor, Act 2, p. 73) Proctor is the voice of common sense here, as a counterpoint to Hale’s â€Å"don’t question the process† stance. Unlike Hale, Proctor realizes that you can only trust in accusations as much as you can trust the accuser, and Proctor has cause to suspect that at least one of the accusations is being driven by a thirst for vengeance. This quote also fits a little bit under the â€Å"Power/Authority† theme – the witchcraft trials have turned the world upside down, so that those who used to be powerless (â€Å"the little crazy children†) are the ones in power (â€Å"are jangling the keys of the kingdom†). "I never had no wife that be so taken with books, and I thought to find the cause of it, d’y’see, but it were no witch I blamed her for. He is openly weeping. I have broke charity with the woman, I have broke charity with her. He covers his face, ashamed. (Giles, Act 3, p. 79) This quote shows how even Giles Corey, one of the more level-headed characters in The Crucible, got caught up in the hysteria of the witch trials and got his wife accused of being a witch. One could make the argument that Giles didn’t intentionally accuse his wife of witchcraft and that he just wanted to ask the witchcraft expert about his wife’s strange behavior, that’s all. If that was the case, though, this quote shows how even those not taken in by the hysterical claims or fear can still be affected by it. "In an ordinary crime, how does one defend the accused? One calls up witnesses to prove his innocence. But witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. None other. Now we cannot hope the witch will accuse herself; granted? Therefore, we must rely upon her victims- and they do testify, the children certainly do testify. As for the witches, none will deny that we are most eager for all their confessions. Therefore, what is left for a lawyer to bring out? I think I have made my point. Have I not?" (Danforth, Act 3, p. 93) In this quote, Danforth shows the terrible effect of the logical extension of belief in witchcraft. Of course, the part he leaves out in his discussion is whether or not the victims are trustworthy – just because â€Å"they do testify† doesn’t mean that they’re testifying truthfully – but this is a blind spot for Danforth. It's possible that Danforth cannot fathom that women or children would lie to him (a judge!) because of societal preconceptions; but his stance is also influenced, at least to some extent, by the fear of witchcraft that pervades Puritan society. 217013/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original I think I have made my point. Have I not? Here are a couple of other quotes that demonstrate fear/hysteria. Try your hand at explaining how each of them does so. "PROCTOR: I falter nothing, but I may wonder if my story will be credited in such a court. I do wonder on it, when such a steady-minded minister as you will suspicion such a woman that never lied, and cannot, and the world knows she cannot! I may falter somewhat, Mister; I am no fool." (Act 2, p. 65) â€Å"It were only sport in the beginning, sir, but then the whole world cried spirits, spirits† (Mary Warren, Act 3, p. 100) Reputation and Pride Quotes Concern for reputation and pride is a thread that is woven throughout The Crucible, driving the action and motivations of various characters as well as the central conflict surrounding John Proctor (will he confess to adultery to save his wife? Will he confess to witchcraft to save his life?). â€Å"ABIGAIL, in a temper: My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar!† (Act 1, p. 12) Abigail is concerned about her reputation and her â€Å"name;† this is no doubt what motivates her, at least initially, to put the blame for the dancing in the woods on Tituba. If her name is â€Å"soiled,† Abigail could face harsh consequences in the Salem theocracy where women are already low on the totem pole – if it’s discovered that she, an unmarried orphan woman, slept with a married man, she would face huge consequences (although what these consequences would be aren’t specified in the play). "Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away- make your peace!†¦Peace. It is a providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now. He walks as though toward a great horror, facing the open sky. Aye, naked! And the wind, God’s icy wind, will blow!" (Proctor, Act 2, p. 76). Here, Proctor is anticipating the loss of his reputation once it comes to light that he has had an affair with Abigail. It’ll mean the loss of his good name, but on the other hand, it’ll be a way for him to atone for his sins – maybe he’ll at last feel â€Å"God’s icy wind† and be able to put this behind him. "I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. Beware, Goody Proctor- cleave to no faith when faith brings blood. It is mistaken law that leads you to sacrifice. Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Let him give his lie. Quail not before God’s judgment in this, for it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride." (Hale, Act 4, p. 122) Hale is describing how he came in full of pride in himself and abilities, only to have that pride result in the deaths of others. He warns Elizabeth that nothing, not even one’s pride or reputation, is worth throwing one’s life away on. "PROCTOR, with a cry of his whole soul: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!" (Proctor, Act 4, p. 133). Proctor’s self-worth is entirely tied up in â€Å"his name† and how others perceive him. He manages to make himself confess and signs the confession, but when the court officials try to take the confession away to show to the whole town, that is the sticking point. Proctor cannot bear to have his reputation be smeared with this confession of witchcraft, because if his reputation is damaged then he no longer can think well of himself. On Balance/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Here are few more quotes that show the concern of Salem residents with reputation and the pride they have in their names. As an exercise to deepen your understanding of the book, try to explain how each one demonstrates concern about name, reputation, or pride. â€Å"There be no blush about my name.† (Abigail, Act 1 p. 11) â€Å"A man will not cast away his good name. You surely know that† (Proctor, Act 3, p. 102) "Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this- I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statute." (Danforth, Act 4, p. 119-120) "He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! (Elizabeth, Act 4, p. 134) Power and Authority Quotes The final major theme is that of the power of society and authority in Puritan Salem. Some of the most importantCrucible quotes relate to these ideas. â€Å"And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!† (Abigail Williams, Act 1, p. 19) At the beginning of the play, the power that Abigail holds is relatively minimal. She is able to use threats of physical violence to cow other girls into doing her bidding, but that’s about as far as her influence extends. She would never be able to say what she says in this quote to, for instance, her uncle Parris, and get away with it. â€Å"You are God’s instrument put in our hands to discover the Devil’s agents among us. You are selected, Tituba, you are chosen to help us cleanse our village.† (Hale, Act 1, p. 44) Tituba, the lowest of the low (slave and a woman) has her status temporarily elevated because of the witch trials. Normally, she is the one told what to do and told to obey; now, however, she has the power of life and death over others. "I only hope you’ll not be so sarcastical no more. Four judges and the King’s deputy sat to dinner with us but an hour ago. I - I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out." (Mary Warren, Act 2, p. 57) By the second act, the repercussions of the trials are starting to reverberate out of the courtroom. Mary Warren feels entitled to, asks for, and (to some extent) receives respect because she is now in a greater position of power. And Mary is not the only one to benefit from the added respect accorded to the afflicted girls, as the next quote demonstrates. â€Å"ABIGAIL, in an open threat: Let you beware, Mr. Danforth. Think you to be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits? Beware of it!† (Act 3, p. 100) By this point in the play, Abigail has gotten powerful enough that she can threaten the Deputy Governor of the entire province without negative consequences. Here’s another quote that shows the flip-flop of power and authority that happens during the witch trials: â€Å"ABIGAIL, stepping up to Danforth: What look do you give me? Danforth cannot speak. I’ll not have such looks! She turns and starts for the door.† (Act 3, p. 103) See if you can answer these questions for yourself about this quote: What are the implications of this quote? How has the power dynamic in the town shifted from the beginning of the play to this point? Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Non-Thematic Quotes This final section is devoted to TheCrucible quotes that don't relate to one of the themes listed above, but still mark an important moment in the play. â€Å"There are wheels within wheels in the village, and fires within fires!† (Mrs. Putnam, Act 1, p. 26) Mrs. Putnam intends her exclamation to refer to the fact that there are witchy plots afoot, but it holds true even outside of that context – things are not what they seem in Salem, and there are complex cause-and-effect chains. A good example of just how multi-layered events inThe Crucible are can be found by breaking down why John Proctor is hanged for witchcraft. Proctor slept with Abigail, which led to her being fired by his wife, which led to her accusing his wife of witchcraft, which led to Proctor being accused of witchcraft and ultimately hanged for it. â€Å"We burn a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment.† (Danforth, Act 3, p. 83) This line is a reference to the name of the play, The Crucible. A crucible is used to melt down metals and separate out the base metals - or in the case of those questioned about witchcraft, it separates out lies and hypocrisy. There's more true to this statement than Danforth knows, however; not only do the trials melt down the fronts people have put up, but they also expose people's core selves. One example of this is when Mary Warren accuses John Proctor of being the Devil's man: when push comes to shove, she is not strong enough to tell the truth (Act 3, p. 110). With John Proctor, on the other hand, we find that his true inner self is strong enough stand up for truth. First, his upstanding reputation is melted away (when he confesses to adultery) and Procto is revealed as a hypocrite; at the end ofThe Crucible, though, a second, stronger core is exposed when Proctor chooses to be hanged as a witch rather than falsely (and publicly) confess to witchcraft. "No, old man, you have not hurt these people if they are of good conscience. But you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a sharp time, now, a precise time- we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. Now, by God’s grace, the shining sun is up, and them that fear not light will surely praise it. I hope you will be one of those." (Danforth, Act 3, p. 87) Danforth’s belief in black-and-white morality exacerbates the situation in Salem. After all, if you can’t be proven to NOT be a witch, then the only other option is that you must be one PROCTOR, laughs insanely, then: A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! (Proctor, Act 3, p. 111) Proctor explicitly states the subtext of the play – the real devil ofThe Crucible is not Satan, but instead is people who don’t step up to tell the truth (like Proctor) or who refuse to see the truth (like Danforth). Lie/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What’s Next? Interested in getting even deeper into the themes of The Crucible? Our blog has complete analyses and discussion of all The Crucible themes as well as of McCarthyism in The Crucible . Need some context to make these quotations make sense? Try our summaries of all four acts of The Crucible, as well as our comprehensive plot summary. Want to find out more about the characters who say these things? Read our overview of the characters in The Crucible here. Curious about more recent (20th-century) occult activity in the U.S.? We profile Aleister Crowley and analyze some of his key quotes in this article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: